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Independence of Ecuador It happened at the time of the so called bourgeois revolutions, whose maximum expressions were the Independence of the United States of America (1776) and mainly the French Revolution (1789). Both of them resulting from the context of the industrial revolution, which placed the political power in the hands of the bourgeois, as the new dominant class of the capitalist system. The independence of Ecuador fell within the independence process of all the Spanish Colonies of the American continent, which occurred as a consequence of the reforms introduced by the Bourbons, the perspectives of free trade and, most of all, the invasion of Napoleon to Spain (1808). They deposed the authorities of the Royal Audience of Quito and formed a Board of Government of Quito, destined to govern in the name of the ousted King of Spain, Ferdinand VII. But this early movement in Quito for the independence of Ecuador was suppressed, and the leaders were persecuted and incarcerated. On August 2 of the following year, an attempt to free them failed, provoking a horrendous massacre of the patriots. Thus, Quito lost a very valuable nucleus of intellectuals, who would have been of great support in the organization of the new country. Precisely because of this tragic end, the Revolution of Quito awakened the revolutionary spirit. But other attempts did not succeed, because once the monarchy was restored in Spain, they fiercely repressed the colonies and controlled any subversive attempt in the Royal Audience of Quito. Simon Bolivar sent his general Antonio José de Sucre, leading 700 men, to assist in the movements of independence of Ecuador. Sucre took control of the campaign and on May 24, 1822 defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Pichincha and the Department of Quito was integrated to the Gran Colombia. General Juan José Flores assumed the civil and military command and convoked the first Ecuadorian Congress that met in the City of Riobamba on August 1830. This first congress wrote the Constitution, which named the country Ecuador and declared Quito as its capital city. Ecuador Recommended ReadingFootprint Ecuador and Galapagos From the Galapagos Islands that inspired the theory of evolution, to a valley where people live forever, from the center of the earth to the Avenue of the Volcanoes, Ecuador excites and amazes at every turn. This highly acclaimed guide is essential for all free-spirited travelers. (One of the best books I ever read about Ecuador) Insight Guide Ecuador (Insight Guides Ecuador)
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